In this class, I learned how to establish comprehension of seminal works in public administration, as well as the underlying normative and scholarly concepts in the literature; I was able to receive and appropriately perform scholarly research bearing on the normative foundation and values of public administrators through the materials I read. I used critical thinking to evaluate explanations of mechanisms for leading public employees' behavior; and I used clear, logical, and comprehensible writing to communicate multiple perspectives on core topics in public administration. In this article, I provided a definition of public service that can help public administrators avoid conflicts with private services when providing public services and help public administrators provide public services within the limits of regulations and resources. In providing public services, public managers should have the ability to distinguish between public and private services. Because in the process of providing public services, public managers still need to contract with private companies for services. This mixed mechanism can affect the transparency and accountability of public services, but this partnership is unavoidable.